杭州市临安区第四人民医院

公立二级综合医院

推荐专家

股骨头坏死科普知识 查看全部

CORR深刻见解?:股骨头坏死患者股骨头塌陷和髋臼覆盖之间是否存在关联?(2023)CORR深刻见解?:股骨头坏死患者股骨头塌陷和髋臼覆盖之间是否存在关联?(2023)CORRInsights?:IsThereanAssociationBetweenFemoralHeadCollapseand?AcetabularCoverageinPatientsWithOsteonecrosis??PrasadK.CORRInsights?:IsThereanAssociationBetweenFemoralHeadCollapseand?AcetabularCoverageinPatientsWithOsteonecrosis?[J].ClinOrthopRelatRes,2023,481(1):60-62.?转载文章的原链接1:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36441115/?转载文章的原链接2:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9750567/?WhereAreWeNow?我们现在在哪里?Nontraumaticosteonecrosisofthefemoralhead(ONFH)isadevastatingdiseasethatdisproportionatelyaffectsyoungpatientsandcarriesarealriskoffemoralheadcollapse,resultinginprematureend-stagearthritisandTHA.Thisputstheseyoungpeopleonacoursethatoftenincludesmultiplerevisionsandsometimesseverecomplications.ClassificationsystemsofONFHbasedonsize,extent,volume,andlocationscanhelpsurgeonsanticipatewhichpatientsareatthegreatestriskoffemoralheadcollapse[1,10-12].However,thesesystemsdonotperfectlycapturethemanyfactorsthatcanmodifythisrisk(whetherthesebehost-relatedfactorsorinterventions),andovertime,clinician-scientistsareuncoveringnewriskfactorsthatarenotincludedintheoldclassificationsystems.Suchfactorsmayincludepelvicincidenceandacetabularcoverage,whichcanresultingreatercontactstressesonthefemoralheadandmayinfluencetheriskofprogressioninpatientswithONFH.非创伤性股骨头坏死(ONFH)是一种破坏性疾病,主要影响年轻患者,并具有股骨头塌陷的real风险,导致早期终末期关节炎和THA。这让这些年轻人经历了一个经常需要多次revisions的过程,有时还会出现严重的并发症。基于ONFH的大小、范围、体积和位置的分类系统可以帮助外科医生预测哪些患者股骨头塌陷的风险最大[1,10-12]。然而,这些系统并不能完美地捕捉到许多可以改变这种风险的因素(无论这些因素是与宿主相关的因素还是干预措施),随着时间的推移,临床科学家正在发现旧分类系统中未包括的新风险因素。这些因素可能包括骨盆入射角和髋臼覆盖范围,这可能导致股骨头上更大的接触应力,并可能影响ONFH患者进展的风险。Patientswithhighpelvicincidence,conceptualizedasthesumofpelvictiltandsacralslopeanddefinedastheanglebetweenalineperpendiculartothemidpointofthesacralplateauandalinefromthispointtothecenterofthefemoralhead,reportedlyhaveinadequateanteriorcoverageofthefemoralhead,whichmaybeassociatedwithacceleratedfemoralheadcollapseinpatientswithONFH[6].However,anotherstudydiffered,withnoassociationfoundbetweenpelvicincidenceandacetabularcoverage[3].InthecurrentstudyinClinicalOrthopaedicsandRelatedResearch?,therewerenodifferencesinpelvicincidencebetweenthecollapseandnoncollapsegroupswithin1yearafterpresentation[4].Basedonthis,theassociationbetweenpelvicincidenceandfemoralheadcollapseinpatientswithONFHremainsuncertain.6.KwonHM,YangI-H,ParkKK,etal.Highpelvicincidenceisassociatedwithdiseaseprogressioninnontraumaticosteonecrosisofthefemoralhead.ClinOrthopRelatRes.2020;478:1870-1876.3.IwasaM,AndoW,UemuraK,HamadaH,TakaoM,SuganoN.Pelvicincidenceisnotassociatedwiththedevelopmentofhiposteoarthritis.BoneJointJ.2021;103-B:1656-1661.4.IwasaM,AndoW,UemuraK,HamadaH,TakaoM,SuganoN.Isthereanassociationbetweenfemoralheadcollapseandacetabularcoverageinpatientswithosteonecrosis?ClinOrthopRelatRes.2023;481:51-59.高骨盆入射角的患者,被定义为骨盆倾斜和骶骨倾斜的总和,并被定义为垂直于骶骨平台中点的线与从该点到股骨头中心的线之间的夹角,据报道,股骨头前部覆盖不足,这可能与ONFH患者股骨头加速塌陷有关[6]。然而,另一项研究却有所不同,没有发现骨盆发病率与髋臼覆盖率之间的关联[3]。在临床骨科及相关研究?中,塌陷组和非塌陷组在发病后1年内盆腔发病率没有差异[4]。基于此,ONFH患者盆腔发生率与股骨头塌陷之间的关系仍不确定。Inaddition,thecurrentstudyfoundtherewasaslightlysmallerlateralcenter-edgeangleof28°inthecoronalplanewithahigheroddsofcollapseinpatientswithseveregradesofONFH,buttherewasadifferentialeffectsizeofjust4°betweenthecollapseandnoncollapsegroupsandnodifferencesinfouradditionalangularparametersinthesagittalandaxialplanesoftridemensionalacetabularcoverage[4,8].Thus,thecontributiontoandclinicalsignificanceofthelateralcenter-edgeangleandacetabularcoverageregardingcollapseinpatientswithONFHisquestionable.Thus,factorsotherthanacetabularcoveragemaybepredominant,particularlybecause35patientswithONFH(35%),allwithsymptomsinitially,experiencedrapidlyprogressivecollapsewithin1year(potentiallyrisingto71%in24months[6]).Ontheotherhand,anassociationbetweensurgicaltreatmentoutcomesandlateralcenter-edgeangleinpatientswithONFHhasbeendocumented;asmallerangleentailsasubstantialriskofcollapseandhipsurvivalleadingtoTHAafterfreevascularizedfibulargraftingforONFH[9],whichdiffersfromthenaturalhistorythecurrentstudy[4]investigated.此外,目前的研究发现,严重程度的ONFH患者的冠状面外侧中心边缘角略小,为28°,塌陷的几率更高,但塌陷组和非塌陷组之间的差异效应大小仅为4°,并且在髋臼三维覆盖的矢状面和轴向面四个额外的角度参数没有差异[4,8]。因此,外侧中心边缘角和髋臼覆盖范围对ONFH患者塌陷的贡献和临床意义值得怀疑。因此,髋臼覆盖范围以外的因素可能占主导地位,特别是35例ONFH患者(35%),最初都有症状,在1年内经历了快速进行性塌陷(24个月内可能上升到71%[6])。另一方面,ONFH患者的手术治疗结果与外侧中心边缘角之间的关联已被记录;较小的角度会带来很大的塌陷和髋关节存活风险,从而导致ONFH游离带血管腓骨移植术后的THA[9],这与当前研究[4]所调查的自然病史不同。ThekeymessageofthisstudyinCORR?[4]isthatmorethanone-thirdofpatientswithsymptomaticONFHoninitialpresentationexperiencedacceleratedcollapseofthefemoralheadwithin1year,andthatacetabularcoveragewasnotasstronganassociatedfactorinthenaturalhistoryofONFHasonemighthaveexpectedittobe.Basedonthesefindings,surgeonsshouldfocusonsymptomaticONFHandmonitorsusceptiblevascularityandearlycollapsecloselywithin2yearsafterpresentationforappropriatejoint-preservinginterventions,withconservationandpromotionofvascularity.CORR?[4]这项研究的关键信息是,超过三分之一的首发症状性ONFH患者在1年内股骨头加速塌陷,并且髋臼覆盖在ONFH自然病史中的相关因素并不像人们预期的那样强。基于这些发现,外科医生应关注有症状的ONFH,并在就诊后2年内密切监测易感血管和早期塌陷,以采取适当的保关节干预措施,保护和促进血管。?WhereDoWeNeedtoGo?我们需要去哪里?Althoughthevascularenvironmentandmechanicalenvironmentarenotalwaysentirelyindependentofoneanother,IbelievenontraumaticONFHpredominantlyreflectsdeteriorationofthevascularityofthefemoralhead,whetherasaprimaryphenomenon,asecondaryone,orboth.尽管血管环境和机械环境并不总是完全独立的,但我认为非创伤性ONFH主要反映了股骨头血管的恶化,无论是作为原发性现象,继发性现象,还是两者兼而有之。EveninaninnovativecenterinJapangearedtosuccessfullyperformosteotomiesfornontraumaticONFH,only9%ofpatientsyoungerthan30yearswereselectedforfemoralosteotomiesbasedonstringentcriteria,whilethosewhoweresignificantlysymptomatic(83%)underwentTHAwithinadecade[4].Ideally,anomaliesofthevascularsupply(includingvariationsinmicrocirculatorypatternsandcollateralcirculationintheheadofthefemur)andmechanicalvariantsandvariationsofhipmorphologymeritapreciseinvestigationbeforesurgicalplanningwhenjoint-preservingproceduressuchasosteotomiesareconsidered,inordertopreservethefemoralhead’sbloodsupply.4.IwasaM,AndoW,UemuraK,HamadaH,TakaoM,SuganoN.Isthereanassociationbetweenfemoralheadcollapseandacetabularcoverageinpatientswithosteonecrosis?ClinOrthopRelatRes.2023;481:51-59.即使在日本的一个创新中心,针对非创伤性ONFH成功实施截骨术,根据严格的标准,30岁以下的患者中只有9%被选中进行股骨截骨术,而那些有明显症状的患者(83%)在十年内接受了THA[4]。理想情况下,血管供应的异常(包括股骨头微循环模式和侧支循环的变化)、机械变异和髋关节形态的变化值得在手术计划之前进行精确的调查,当考虑进行关节保护手术(如截骨)时,为了保持股骨头的血液供应。Futurestudiesshouldalsoassessthedegreeandrateofcollapse.Inthecurrentstudy[4],femoralheadcollapsewasdeemedprogressivewhentheamountofcollapseincreasedby>1mmcomparedwithpreviousradiographs;thisincrementmightbetoosmalltomatter.AnotherstudyreportedthatinasmallproportionofpatientswithJapaneseInvestigationCommitteeTypeBandcollapseoflessthan2mm,thecollapsemaystopandpatientsmaybecomeasymptomaticforanindeterminateperiod[8].Rapidlyprogressiveandstaticcollapsedemandsclosemonitoringbasedonprecisecriteria.8.NishiiT,SuganoN,OhzonoK,SakaiT,SatoY,YoshikawaH.Signi?canceoflesionsizeandlocationinthepredictionofcollapseofosteonecrosisofthefemoralhead:anewthree-dimensionalquan-ti?cationusingmagneticresonanceimaging.JOrthopRes.2002;20:130-136.未来的研究还应评估坍塌的程度和速度。在目前的研究中[4],当股骨头塌陷的数量比之前的X线片增加>1mm时,股骨头塌陷被认为是进行性的;这个增量可能太小而无关紧要。另一项研究报道,在一小部分日本调查委员会B型塌陷小于2mm的患者中,塌陷可能停止,患者可能在不确定的时间内无症状[8]。快速渐进和静态坍塌需要基于精确标准的密切监测。Otherfundamentalquestionsrelatetojointpreservationthroughnonoperativeoptionsincludingmedicationssuchastransientbisphosphonatesforprecollapselesionsorpotentiallyforsmall,mediallesions;directsurgicaloptionsrelatedtopreservationofandimprovementinvascularityincludingcoredecompression,adjunctivebonegrafting,andvascularizedbonegrafting;selectiveredirectionalosteotomiestoreducemechanicalstressesandfacilitatevascularimprovement;andtheadditionofnoveladjunctivetherapiesincludingstemcelltherapiesinisolationorincombination.其他基本问题涉及到通过非手术选择来保护关节,包括药物治疗,如用于塌陷前病变或潜在的小的、内侧病变的短暂性双膦酸盐;与保存和改善血管性相关的直接手术选择包括髓芯减压、辅助植骨和带血管的植骨;选择性定向截骨术减少机械应力,促进血管改善;以及新的辅助疗法的加入,包括分离或联合的干细胞疗法。FuturestudiesmustevaluatepatientswithsymptomaticprecollapselesionscausedbynontraumaticONFHtoidentifyanomaliesofthevascularsupplyandvariationsinmicrocirculatorypatternsandcollateralcirculation.Thiswillhelpguidesurgicalplanningtopreserve,promote,andrestorethatvascularsupply.Whetherthatmightbethroughprecisesurgicaltargetingofcoredecompressionorvascularizedbonegraftingisyettobedetermined.未来的研究必须评估非创伤性ONFH引起的症状性塌陷前病变患者,以确定血管供应异常、微循环模式和侧枝循环的变化。这将有助于指导手术计划,以保护、促进和恢复血管供应。这是否可能是通过精确的手术靶向髓芯减压或血管化骨移植尚未确定。?HowDoWeGetThere?我们如何到达那里?Theannualincidenceofnew-onsetONFHwasreportedtobe1.91per100,000personsinJapan[2],whichmakesaccumulatingpatientsdifficultforsingle-centerstudies,especiallyforasubgroupanalysis.Obviously,studieswithmorepatientsareneededinthefutureforcomprehensiveanalyses.Multicenterstudieswithsuperiorstatisticalpowerincludingsubgroupsarelikelytocontributemore-robustdataandconclusionswithwiderimplicationsforprecisetimingofadvancingmodalitiesofinvestigationsanddifferentialmanagementoptionsofONFH.据报道,日本新发ONFH的年发病率为每10万人1.91例[2],这使得单中心研究难以积累患者,尤其是亚组分析。显然,未来需要更多患者的研究来进行全面分析。包括亚组在内的具有卓越统计能力的多中心研究可能会提供更可靠的数据和结论,对ONFH的先进调查模式的精确时间和不同的管理选择具有更广泛的意义。Nationalandmultinationalstudiesandlarge-databasestudiesthatevaluateregionalandethnicvariations,guidedbytheAssociationofResearchCirculationosseousstagingsystemofosteonecrosisofthefemoralheadandJapaneseInvestigationCommittee,aredesirablebutaresubjecttologisticandresourceimplications.在研究循环协会股骨头坏死骨分期系统和日本调查委员会的指导下,评估地区和种族差异的国家和多国研究和大型数据库研究是可取的,但受后勤和资源影响。Contrast-enhancedMRarteriographydeservesmoreattention.Itcanbeusedtoevaluatehipswithprecollapsetodeterminevascularcompromiseandmayhelpusanticipatewhichhipsareatthegreatestriskofcollapse.Prognosticstudiesusingthistechniqueseemplausible,giventheconstraintsofsmallpatientnumbersandhowoftencollapseoccursinpatientswiththisdiagnosis.Dependingonthefindings,thisimagingtoolmayproveclinicallyusefulinthiscontext.增强磁共振动脉造影值得更多关注。它可以用来评估髋关节塌陷前的血管损伤,并帮助我们预测哪些髋关节塌陷的风险最大。考虑到患者数量少的限制以及这种诊断的患者发生崩溃的频率,使用这种技术进行预后研究似乎是合理的。根据结果,这种成像工具可能在临床上证明是有用的。MRIuseinreal-timethree-dimensionalguidanceforcoredecompressionistechnicallyfeasible,safe,andaccurate[5].EvolutionofMRI-guided(withMR-compatibleinstrumentation)[5,7]robot-assistedsurgicalapproachesmaybethenextfrontierinjointpreservationinpatientswithONFH.Evaluatingit,though,wouldprobablyrequirethecooperationofseverallike-mindedcentersthattreatalargenumberofpatientswiththiscondition.GivenitsrelativefrequencyinsomeregionsofAsia(comparedwithEuropeortheUnitedStates),Isuspectmoreofthisresearchwillcomefromthosegeographiclocationswithworldwidetechnologicalinnovation,andIlookforwardtoreadingitwhenitappears.5.KerimaaP,VaananenM,OjalaR,etal.MRI-guidanceinpercutaneouscoredecompressionofosteonecrosisofthefemoralhead.EurRadiol.2016;26:1180-1185.7.MontMA,SalemHS,PiuzziNS,GoodmanSB,JonesLC.Nontraumaticosteonecrosisofthefemoralhead:wheredowestandtoday?:A5-yearupdate.JBoneJointSurgAm.2020;102:1084-1099.MRI用于实时三维指导髓芯减压在技术上是可行的、安全的、准确的[5]。MRI引导(与MRI兼容的仪器)[5,7]机器人辅助手术入路的发展可能是ONFH患者关节保护的下一个前沿。然而,评估它可能需要几个志同道合的中心的合作,这些中心治疗了大量患有这种疾病的患者。考虑到它在亚洲某些地区的相对频率(与欧洲或美国相比),我猜想更多的这类研究将来自那些具有全球技术创新的地理位置,我期待着它出现时的阅读。